Type

Modification

Confidence

92%

Created

Apr 19, 2026

Evidence

1 source

Rationale

The existing citation [@aha2016] refers to an older AHA guideline that has been explicitly superseded by the 2024 ACC/AHA lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) guideline. Per the stale guideline replacement instructions, the stale citation is replaced with [@svs2024-gornik] for the same general claim about adherence to evidence-based guidelines from major vascular societies. No other content changes are warranted, as the Background section is a high-level summary and the new guideline supports the same claim without requiring additional textual modification.

Content Changes

Summary: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostic modalities in vascular surgery, ranging from bedside clinical examination to advanced imaging techniques and emerging artificial intelligence (AI) applications. The diagnostic approach must balance accuracy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and availability while adhering to evidence-based guidelines from major vascular societies. (Rutherford 2018) (AHA 2024) (ESVS 2024) [4] (Gornik 2024)